Resistencias a la bio-economía en Argentina: las luchas contra los agrotóxicos (2001-2013)

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Fecha
05/2020
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Unión de Científicos Comprometidos con la Sociedad y la Naturaleza de América Latina América Latina
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Ciencia Digna
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2684-0251
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Este artículo analiza algunas dinámicas de resistencia a la expansión de la llamada bioeconomía agraria en Argentina. La bioeconomía es un proyecto político global basado en la manipulación, explotación y apropiación tecnológica de la materia viviente. En Argentina, han surgido crecientes conflictos con respecto a la adopción del paquete biotecnológico compuesto por semillas genéticamente modificadas y agrotóxicos. A través de análisis de archivo, entrevistas en profundidad y observaciones analizo las acciones colectivas orientadas a cuestionar el discurso sobre la inocuidad de los agrotóxicos y cambiar las regulaciones para su comercialización y uso en Argentina entre 2001 y 2013. A lo largo del período no se lograron cambios en la política regulatoria nacional, sin embargo, hubo algunos avances en la resistencia: a. se formó un movimiento social y una red de investigadores, científicos y trabajadores de la salud que cuestionó el discurso de la inocuidad de los agrotóxicos y; b. en algunos casos, se lograron cambios en las políticas regulatorias locales. Estos resultados fueron producto de un conjunto complejo y poco convencional de formas de acción colectiva que incluyeron la movilización de distintos tipos de conocimiento. Planteo como hipótesis para futuras investigaciones que los cambios macro-estructurales en Argentina relativos al advenimiento de la bioeconomía agraria están dando lugar a la emergencia de nuevos “repertorios” de acción colectiva.
This paper analyzes the bottom-up dynamics of resistance to the expansion of the agricultural bioeconomy in Argentina. The bioeconomy can be thought as a global political project based on the management, exploitation and technological appropriation of living matter. In Argentina, growing conflicts have arisen regarding the adoption of the biotechnological package consisting of genetically modified seeds and pesticides. Through archival research, in-depth interviews and ethnographic observations, I analyzed the collective actions aimed at questioning the discourse on the safety of pesticides and changing the regulations for their commercialization and use in Argentina between 2001 and 2013. Throughout the period no changes in national regulatory policy were achieved, however, there was some progress at the general level: a. a social movement was and a network of researchers, scientists and health workers who questioned the discourse on the safety of pesticides were formed and; b. in some cases, changes in local regulatory policies were achieved. These results were the product of a complex and unconventional set of collective actions that included the mobilization of different types of knowledge. I propose as a hypothesis for future research that the macro-structural changes in Argentina (the advent of the agricultural bioeconomy) are giving rise to the emergence of new “repertoires” of collective action.
This paper analyzes the bottom-up dynamics of resistance to the expansion of the agricultural bioeconomy in Argentina. The bioeconomy can be thought as a global political project based on the management, exploitation and technological appropriation of living matter. In Argentina, growing conflicts have arisen regarding the adoption of the biotechnological package consisting of genetically modified seeds and pesticides. Through archival research, in-depth interviews and ethnographic observations, I analyzed the collective actions aimed at questioning the discourse on the safety of pesticides and changing the regulations for their commercialization and use in Argentina between 2001 and 2013. Throughout the period no changes in national regulatory policy were achieved, however, there was some progress at the general level: a. a social movement was and a network of researchers, scientists and health workers who questioned the discourse on the safety of pesticides were formed and; b. in some cases, changes in local regulatory policies were achieved. These results were the product of a complex and unconventional set of collective actions that included the mobilization of different types of knowledge. I propose as a hypothesis for future research that the macro-structural changes in Argentina (the advent of the agricultural bioeconomy) are giving rise to the emergence of new “repertoires” of collective action.
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