Ecological restoration and productive recovery of saline environments from the Argentine Monte Desert using native plants

Abstract

The accumulation of soluble salts in soils is one of the main environmental factors that contribute to the loss the productive capacity of Argentina´s arid ecosystems. Salinizacion processes, lead to critical states of degradation and desertification. The challenge to recover and improve the productivity of such degraded areas is complex because it should consider restoration strategies that will be integrated with local economic, cultural and social activities. The integrative use and management of different native species in remediation programs is an attractive restoration tool that could improve the productivity capacity of degraded areas. Native species have developed numerous strategies and adaptations that could ensure their survival in saline environments. Nevertheless, species selection, management and appropriate technologies to be used in afforestation programs may be limited because we do not know in detail both the potential and needs of each native species and the environmental characteristics of each site. In this chapter we analyze not only the problem of soil salinization and the challenge of restoring saline environments in Argentina, but also the characteristics of native species of trees, shrubs and grasses of the Monte region, considering their tolerance to saline stress and the provision of goods and services to local populations, which can be useful in restoration programs.