Atención integral a escolares con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: estudio de caso

Abstract

La labor conjunta del sector educacional y de la salud en Cuba encamina sus esfuerzos hacia la prevención, y establece vínculos para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir resultados parciales de una investigación realizada en el municipio Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, basada en la atención integral a escolares con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad, mediante la articulación de la educación primaria con instituciones de salud mental. El estudio fue realizado con un enfoque cualitativo a partir del diseño de una investigación - acción participativa, utilizando el estudio de caso como estrategia de investigación en el periodo 2014-2019, en cuatro instituciones de la educación primaria y sus respectivas áreas de salud mental.

Background: the joint work of the educational and health sector in Cuba directs its efforts towards prevention, and establishes links to improve the quality of life of people suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Objective: to describe partial results of a research carried out in the Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara province, based on comprehensive care for schoolchildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, through the articulation of primary education with mental health institutions. Methods: the study was carried out with a qualitative approach based on the design of an action research and the case study was used as a research strategy in the period from 2014 to 2019 in four primary education institutions and the respective areas of mental health. Methods of the theoretical and empirical level were used, and among the techniques, the researcher's diary and the analysis of evidence. Results: the obstacles and progress of the research process itself allowed the conception of comprehensive care for schoolchildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the materialization of its effectiveness in the evolution of schoolchildren, the preparation of families and teachers, and the exchange between educational and health institutions. Conclusions: the conception of comprehensive care for schoolchildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with a multisectoral perspective from the educational and health sectors involves teachers and health specialists in individualized care to reduce the consequences of the disorder.