Role of useful fungi in agriculture sustainability

Abstract

Fungi are very important microorganisms that are potentially utilized in different fields such as in agriculture and others. Fungi interact with plants as a useful factor or harmful factor. Useful fungi display a big role in agriculture sustainability. These fungi are of many types such as endophytic fungi and symbiosis fungi. The role of beneficial fungi in the control of pests, weeds, and plant pathogens can be an alternative to chemical pesticides. The beneficial fungi can be in different groups but, in general, comprise mycorrhiza, endophytic fungi, entomopathogenic fungi, mushroom, and dark septate fungi. Useful fungi contain some important tools between non-mycoparasitism and mycoparasitism. Some tools show high efficiency in the reduction of plant diseases such as producing secondary metabolites and induced plant defenses and systemic resistance. Also, some useful fungi have potential to enhance plant growth. The importance of fungi used in the fields that encouraged to inter them in the industry to produce the biopesticides and biofertilizers which can be instead of using synthetic chemicals and more reducing the residue of chemicals in environmental. In conclusion, the big role for fungi can utilize in the agriculture sustainable by including into the integrated management for plant pathogens, and pests.