Debates sobre el estatuto de la adolescencia y sus invariantes estructurales en psicoanálisis

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Fecha
04/2019
Editorial
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología
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Revista Universitaria de Psicoanálisis
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1515-3894
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Español
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Resumen
El concepto de adolescencia ha sido objeto de estudio, así como de debate de diversas disciplinas. Muchos autores la consideran una fase evolutiva crítica inherente al individuo con características específicas. Otros, en cambio, cuestionan su existencia, definiéndola como una construcción sociohistórica producto de la cultura contemporánea. En este artículo nos proponemos, en primer lugar, analizar críticamente algunas de las principales perspectivas teóricas que presiden una discusión acerca del término adolescencia. Seguidamente, revisar los aportes de Freud en su abordaje de la pubertad, particularmente en la doble vertiente de lo que ocurre con las identificaciones en esa época de la vida y la complejidad de la elección de objeto. Por último, consideraremos la adolescencia a partir de los progresos de la enseñanza de J. Lacan, para presentar, más allá de la tensión del binomio y oposición entre lo biológico y lo social, un análisis estructural y lógico que respete la naturaleza del objeto en cuestión. Desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica lacaniana concluiremos que la adolescencia constituye una coyuntura particular que implica invariantes estructurales que, en relación con los problemas del sexo y la existencia, obligan al sujeto a elaborar respuestas inéditas como intentos de soluciones condicionadas por el Otro familiar y cultural.
The concept of adolescence has been the subject of study, as well as debate of various disciplines. Many authors consider it as a critical evolutive phase inherent to the individual with speci#c characteristics. Others, however, question its existence, de#ning it as a sociohistorical construction product of contemporary culture. This article proposes, in the #rst place, to analyze critically some of the main theoretical perspectives that preside over a discussion about the term adolescence. Next, it will review the contributions of Freud in his approach to puberty, particularly in the double aspect of what happens with the identi#cations in that time of life and the complexity of the choice of object. Finally, it will consider adolescence from the progress of the teaching of J. Lacan, to present, beyond the tension of the binomial and opposition between biological and social factors, a structural and logical analysis that respects the nature of the object in question. From a Lacanian psychoanalytic perspective, we will conclude that adolescence constitutes a special conjuncture that implies structural invariants that, in relation to the problems of sex and existence, compel the subject to elaborate inventive answers as attempts of solutions conditioned by the familiar and cultural Other.
The concept of adolescence has been the subject of study, as well as debate of various disciplines. Many authors consider it as a critical evolutive phase inherent to the individual with speci#c characteristics. Others, however, question its existence, de#ning it as a sociohistorical construction product of contemporary culture. This article proposes, in the #rst place, to analyze critically some of the main theoretical perspectives that preside over a discussion about the term adolescence. Next, it will review the contributions of Freud in his approach to puberty, particularly in the double aspect of what happens with the identi#cations in that time of life and the complexity of the choice of object. Finally, it will consider adolescence from the progress of the teaching of J. Lacan, to present, beyond the tension of the binomial and opposition between biological and social factors, a structural and logical analysis that respects the nature of the object in question. From a Lacanian psychoanalytic perspective, we will conclude that adolescence constitutes a special conjuncture that implies structural invariants that, in relation to the problems of sex and existence, compel the subject to elaborate inventive answers as attempts of solutions conditioned by the familiar and cultural Other.
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