A soft material for chromium speciation in water samples using a chemiluminescence automatic system

Abstract

A soft material formed by multiwall carbon nanotubes and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride was used as sorbent material to perform the chromium speciation in natural waters. This soft material was not yet used for the speciation of metals as chromium. Thus, a multicommutated flow system containing a minicolumn packed with the soft material was designed. The procedure was based on the capacity of the sorbent to retain Cr(VI) as Cr2O7= and allow to pass Cr(III) through the column. Then, a fully automated flow-batch analysis system was developed to quantify both species using chemiluminescence detection. Thus, Cr(III) was determined as catalyst of the luminol and hydrogen peroxide reaction and Cr(VI) as oxidant of luminol reaction. This represents a new approach because the oxidation of luminol using Cr2O7= has not been reported in literature. The variables of the two systems were optimized. The limits of detection were 1.4 μg L−1 for Cr(VI) and 4.0 μg L−1 for Cr(III). The precision of the method was 3.8% and 7.0% for Cr(VI) and Cr(III), respectively. The present method was applied to real water samples with recoveries between 95% and 107%. Besides, these results were in accordance with those obtained using inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry technique.