Carotid wall stress calculated with continuous intima-media thickness assessment using B-mode ultrasound

Abstract

Cardiovascular risk is normally assessed using clinical risk factors but it can be refined using non-invasive infra-clinical markers. Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) is recognized as an early indicator of cardiovascular disease. Carotid Wall Stress (CWS) can be calculated using arterial pressure and carotid size (diameter and IMT). Generally, IMT is measured during diastole when it reaches its maximum value. However, it changes during the cardiac cycle and a time-dependant waveform can be obtained using B-mode ultrasound images. In this work we calculated CWS considering three different approaches for IMT assessment: (i) constant IMT (standard diastolic value), (ii) estimated IMT from diameter waveform (assuming a constant cross-sectional wall area) and (iii) continuously measured IMT. Our results showed that maximum wall stress depends on the IMT estimation method. Systolic CWS progressively increased using the three approaches (p<0.024). We conclude that maximum CWS is highly dependent on wall thickness and accurate IMT measures during systole should be encouraged.