The Southern Endemic Zone of Paracoccidioidomycosis: Epidemiological Approach in Northeast Argentina

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most prevalent systemic endemic mycosis in Latin America caused by species of an environmental fungus of the genus Paracoccidioides. In Argentina, the endemic area with the highest incidence is located in the Northeast. This review presents the current aspects of PCM epidemiology influenced by global and particular climatic anomalies. Recent Findings: An increase of cases with particularly features, in the diagnosis and clinical manifestations, delaying the diagnosis was observed. Two genotypes of Paracoccidioides are circulating and, probably, are related to a considerable percentage of non-reactive serological tests obtained in proven cases of PCM. Summary: The traditional view of the PCM epidemiology in the southern endemic zone area must be reconsidered. A higher level of premonition is now required in Northeast Argentina and, may be, in bordering countries. The particular characteristics both in the clinic and in the diagnosis currently observed suggest a new trend in PCM.