Extracellular monoenzyme deglycosylation system of 7-O-linked flavonoid β-rutinosides and its disaccharide transglycosylation activity from Stilbella fimetaria

Abstract

We screened for microorganisms able to use flavonoids as a carbon source; and one isolate, nominated Stilbella fimetaria SES201, was found to possess a disaccharide-specific hydrolase. It was a cell-bound ectoenzyme that was released to the medium during conidiogenesis. The enzyme was shown to cleave the flavonoid hesperidin (hesperetin 7-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β- glucopyranoside) into rutinose (α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranose) and hesperetin. Since only intracellular traces of monoglycosidase activities (β-glucosidase, α-rhamnosidase) were produced, the disaccharidase α-rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase was the main system utilized by the microorganism for hesperidin hydrolysis. The enzyme was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 42224 Da and isoelectric point of 5.7. Even when maximum activity was found at 70°C, it was active at temperatures as low as 5°C, consistent with the psychrotolerant character of S. fimetaria. Substrate preference studies indicated that the enzyme exhibits high specificity toward 7-O-linked flavonoid β-rutinosides. It did not act on flavonoid 3-O-β-rutinoside and 7-O-β-neohesperidosides, neither monoglycosylated substrates. In an aqueous medium, the α-rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase was also able to transfer rutinose to other acceptors besides water, indicating its potential as biocatalyst for organic synthesis. The monoenzyme strategy of S. fimetaria SES201, as well as the enzyme substrate preference for 7-O-β-flavonoid rutinosides, is unique characteristics among the microbial flavonoid deglycosylation systems reported.