PdCuAu ternary alloy membranes: Hydrogen permeation properties in the presence of H2S

Abstract

PdCuAu ternary alloy membranes with different component compositions were synthesized by sequential electroless deposition of components onto porous stainless steel substrates. The ternary with the highest Au content, Pd 69 Cu 14 Au 17 , exhibited the highest hydrogen permeation flux, comparable to that of a Pd 91 Au 9 membrane. Upon exposure to 100ppm H 2 S/H 2 at 673 K for 24h, all PdCuAu membranes experienced flux reductions of ~55%, followed by recovery to ~80% of the initial hydrogen flux upon reintroduction of pure hydrogen at 400°C. Complete flux recovery after H 2 S exposure required hydrogen treatment at 500°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the H 2 S-exposed PdCuAu membranes revealed fcc alloy structure with no evidence of bulk sulfide formation. In agreement with the XRD results, sulfur was not detected in the bulk of H 2 S-exposed samples by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). However, analysis of H 2 S-exposed PdCuAu alloys by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling revealed low, but measureable, amounts of sulfur in the near-surface region, about 10nm in depth. The depth profiles of samples after hydrogen recovery treatment showed significantly reduced sulfur content. These results indicate that H 2 S exposure causes flux loss in PdCuAu alloys through a surface-poisoning mechanism, and that the surface sulfide can be removed-and flux recovered-by high temperature treatment in hydrogen.