Has the Kyoto Protocol reached its main goal? A brief review

Abstract

This paper critically analyses the International policy on climate change, the role of the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol and the GHG emissions, particularly CO2. Also the commitment of the different countries to reduce or limit these emissions, the development of carbon sinks and the flexible mechanisms that uses credit trading between countries members. The work also highlights the brightest aspects of the Protocol and reviews those critical issues that require modifications or whose application must be limited: the USA refusal to sign a joint commitment to reduce GHG, the status of major non- Annex I emitters (China, India, others) and the promotion of clean alternatives energy, with minimal environmental damage. About this last point, we particularly emphasised the issues of biomass and Kraft Black Liquor burning. In this context, it is inevitable to debate the overall environmental risks of Kraft Pulp Mills emissions and the forest exploitation involved.