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dc.contributor.author
Kratzmann, David J.
dc.contributor.author
Carey, Steven N.
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Scasso, Roberto Adrian
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Naranjo, Jose Antonio
dc.date.available
2019-05-06T20:26:58Z
dc.date.issued
2009-12
dc.identifier.citation
Kratzmann, David J.; Carey, Steven N.; Scasso, Roberto Adrian; Naranjo, Jose Antonio; Compositional variations and magma mixing in the 1991 eruptions of Hudson volcano, Chile; Springer; Bulletin Of Volcanology; 71; 4; 12-2009; 419-439
dc.identifier.issn
0258-8900
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/75682
dc.description.abstract
The August 1991 eruptions of Hudson volcano produced ∼2.7 km3 (dense rock equivalent, DRE) of basaltic to trachyandesitic pyroclastic deposits, making it one of the largest historical eruptions in South America. Phase 1 of the eruption (P1, April 8) involved both lava flows and a phreatomagmatic eruption from a fissure located in the NW corner of the caldera. The paroxysmal phase (P2) began several days later (April 12) with a Plinian-style eruption from a different vent 4 km to the south-southeast. Tephra from the 1991 eruption ranges in composition from basalt (phase 1) to trachyandesite (phase 2), with a distinct gap between the two erupted phases from 54-60 wt% SiO2. A trend of decreasing SiO2 is evident from the earliest part of the phase 2 eruption (unit A, 63-65 wt% SiO2) to the end (unit D, 60-63 wt% SiO2). Melt inclusion data and textures suggest that mixing occurred in magmas from both eruptive phases. The basaltic and trachyandesitic magmas can be genetically related through both magma mixing and fractional crystallization processes. A combination of observed phase assemblages, inferred water content, crystallinity, and geothermometry estimates suggest pre-eruptive storage of the phase 2 trachyandesite at pressures between ∼50-100 megapascal (MPa) at 972 ± 6°C under water-saturated conditions (log fO2 -10.33 (±0.2)). It is proposed that rising P1 basaltic magma intersected the lower part of the P2 magma storage region between 2 and 3 km depth. Subsequent mixing between the two magmas preferentially hybridized the lower part of the chamber. Basaltic magma continued advancing towards the surface as a dyke to eventually be erupted in the northwestern part of the Hudson caldera. The presence of tachylite in the P1 products suggests that some of the magma was stalled close to the surface (<0.5 km) prior to eruption. Seismicity related to magma movement and the P1 eruption, combined with chamber overpressure associated with basalt injection, may have created a pathway to the surface for the trachyandesite magma and subsequent P2 eruption at a different vent 4 km to the south-southeast.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Springer
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
Andean Volcanism
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Calc-Alkaline Magmas
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Explosive Eruptions
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Hudson Volcano
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Magma Mixing
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Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas
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Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente
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CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
dc.title
Compositional variations and magma mixing in the 1991 eruptions of Hudson volcano, Chile
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2019-04-23T14:39:43Z
dc.identifier.eissn
1432-0819
dc.journal.volume
71
dc.journal.number
4
dc.journal.pagination
419-439
dc.journal.pais
Alemania
dc.journal.ciudad
Berlin
dc.description.fil
Fil: Kratzmann, David J.. University of Rhode Island; Estados Unidos
dc.description.fil
Fil: Carey, Steven N.. University of Rhode Island; Estados Unidos
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Fil: Scasso, Roberto Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Naranjo, Jose Antonio. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería; Chile
dc.journal.title
Bulletin Of Volcanology
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0234-x
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00445-008-0234-x
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