La despersonalización y su incidencia en los procesos de desgaste laboral

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Fecha
03/2013
Editorial
Intersalud S.A.
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Psicología.com
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Institución organizadora
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1137-8492
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Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de despersonalización asociado al desgaste en el mundo laboral. La despersonalización -manifestada en ocasiones como cinismo- es una de las dimensiones que constituyen el burnout y surge ante la falta de recursos psicológicos y emocionales del sujeto para afrontar los desafíos que el medio ofrece. Se presentan dos estudios de corte psicosocial vinculados al desgaste laboral, en los cuáles la despersonalización aparece como principal indicador de burnout. En ambos casos, se trabajó con sujetos que desempeñan tareas administrativas en instituciones estatales, encontrándose perfiles similares. El primer estudio se ocupó de empleados insertos en la Administración Pública (Mendoza, Argentina) y el segundo, de personal de apoyo académico y administrativo, sector no docente de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentina). El diseño metodológico es cuanti-cualitativo en ambos estudios. Se presentan los resultados del Maslach Burnout Inventory en sus versiones Human Services (Maslach & Jackson, 1981) y General Survey (Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach & Jackson, 1996). Los resultados invitan a revalorizar el uso de estrategias preventivas del burnout, a la vez que presentan importantes derivaciones en el plano organizacional.
This paper discusses the process of depersonalization concerning burnout in the working world. Depersonalization –which sometimes manifests itself as cynicism- is one of the constituents of burnout and emerges as a result of the subject’s lack of psychological and emotional resources to cope with the many challenges he/she is faced to. Two mainly psychosocial studies have been included, where depersonalization appears as the main signal of burnout. Subjects in both cases carried out office work for Government institutions. The first research work involved people from Public Administration (Mendoza, Argentine), whereas the second included non-faculty members in charge of providing academic support at University of Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentine). The methodological design applied to both studies is quantitative-qualitative. The results shown are those from Maslach Burnout Inventory, in its Human Services (Maslach & Jackson, 1981) and General Survey (Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach & Jackson, 1996) versions. Results suggest a strengthening of the use of strategies tending to prevent burnout. They also show important derivations in the organizational field.
This paper discusses the process of depersonalization concerning burnout in the working world. Depersonalization –which sometimes manifests itself as cynicism- is one of the constituents of burnout and emerges as a result of the subject’s lack of psychological and emotional resources to cope with the many challenges he/she is faced to. Two mainly psychosocial studies have been included, where depersonalization appears as the main signal of burnout. Subjects in both cases carried out office work for Government institutions. The first research work involved people from Public Administration (Mendoza, Argentine), whereas the second included non-faculty members in charge of providing academic support at University of Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentine). The methodological design applied to both studies is quantitative-qualitative. The results shown are those from Maslach Burnout Inventory, in its Human Services (Maslach & Jackson, 1981) and General Survey (Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach & Jackson, 1996) versions. Results suggest a strengthening of the use of strategies tending to prevent burnout. They also show important derivations in the organizational field.
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