Justicia, capacidades diversas y acceso igualitario a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación: el impacto de la desigualdad relativa en el cuidado de la salud

Abstract

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el marco filosófico de justicia social (SenNussbaum) que se aplica en derechos humanos para fundamentar el acceso igualitario a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) y tecnologías asistivas (TA) de personas con capacidades diversas, considerado este acceso como uno de los determinantes sociales del derecho a la salud. La hipótesis que inspira esta investigación tiene como eje subrayar que el no acceso igualitario a TIC y a TA origina ?en la mayoría de los casos? no sólo la misma situación de ?discapacidad? por entorno social desfavorable, sino que también incide en la salud psicosocial del citado grupo como consecuencia del estrés crónico generado por la desigualdad relativa. Este enfoque social integral, vincula las necesidades individuales, familiares y del medio ambiente con el fin de identificar mejor los problemas complejos de inclusión y acceso a la salud de las personas y/o grupos en sociedades no igualitarias, para no descuidar las enfermedades psicosociales producto de diferencias sociales y estigmatizaciones. Se trata de brindar un marco de justicia social en políticas públicas integrales e interseccionales, que tenga en cuenta las implicancias del acceso y uso social adaptado de TIC en personas con capacidades diversas en sociedades no igualitarias. Palabras clave Teorías de justicia, discapacidad, tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), tecnologías asistivas (TA), determinantes psicosociales, desigualdad absoluta, desigualdad relativa, salud/enfermedad.Abstract The aim of the present paper is to analyze the philosophical framework of social justice (Sen-Nussbaum) applied in human rights to support the equal access to information and communication technologies (ICT) and assistive technologies (AT) of people with divers abilities, considering this access as one of the social determinants of the right to health. The hypothesis that inspires this research is to emphasize that non-equal access to ICT and AT causes ?in most cases? not only the same situation of ?disability? due to unfavorable social environment, but also affects psychosocial health of the aforementioned group as a consequence of chronic stress generated by relative inequality. This integral social approach links the individual, family and environmental needs in order to better identify the complex problems of inclusion and access to health care of people and/or groups in unequal societies, so as not to neglect the psychosocial diseases product of social differences and stigmatization. The aim is to provide a framework of social justice in integral and intersectional public policies that take into account the implications of access and adapted social use of ICT in people with diverse abilities in non-equal societies. Keywords Justice theories, disability, information and communication technologies (ICT), assistive technologies (AT), psicosocial determinants, absolute inequality, relative inequality, health/disease.

The aim of the present paper is to analyze the philosophical framework of social justice (Sen-Nussbaum) applied in human rights to support the equal access to information and communication technologies (ICT) and assistive technologies (AT) of people with divers abilities, considering this access as one of the social determinants of the right to health. The hypothesis that inspires this research is to emphasize that non-equal access to ICT and AT causes —in most cases— not only the same situation of ‘disability’ due to unfavorable social environment, but also affects psychosocial health of the aforementioned group as a consequence of chronic stress generated by relative inequality. This integral social approach links the individual, family and environmental needs in order to better identify the complex problems of inclusion and access to health care of people and/or groups in unequal societies, so as not to neglect the psychosocial diseases product of social differences and stigmatization. The aim is to provide a framework of social justice in integral and intersectional public policies that take into account the implications of access and adapted social use of ICT in people with diverse abilities in non-equal societies.