Clinical and Experimental Immunomodulation 2016

Abstract

Inflammatory response (IR), which is crucial in injuries or infected anatomical regions, also generates systemic effects, regulating multiple physiological processes. Those effects depend on the concentration of soluble mediators likecytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory molecules. For example, concentrations of soluble mediators around 10nM are enough to induce a neuroendocrine response. The diverse systemic effects triggered by IR are plastic and continuously modified by fluctuations of circulatory levels ofhormones, neurotransmitters, and mediators of inflammation. These feedback loops are possible by the constitutive expression of receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters, and cytokines on leukocytes, which modulate key cellularfunctions like proliferation, differentiation, and the secretion profile.That is the reason whereby the constant research on clinical and experimental parameters that modulate is of great importance. This third special issue on clinical and experimental immunomodulation compiles a selection of high quality works on the field.