Arqueología del lago Nahuel Huapi: modelos de uso de los ambientes y de los recursos faunísticos
; Hajduk, Adan
; Albornoz, Ana María Otros responsables
Fecha
08/2015
Editorial
Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi. Departamento de Conservación y Educación Ambiental Intendencia
Revista
Macroscopia
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1853-2705
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Español
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Resumen
La Patagonia ha sido poblada desde haceunos 13000 años por grupos cazadores-recolectores nómades,los cuales explotaron recursos de diferentes ambientesa lo largo del tiempo, aunque con una tradicional preferenciapor el ámbito estepario, en el cual han hallado la fuenteprincipal de subsistencia: el guanaco. Los estudios arqueológicosse han centrado en este ámbito, en contrastecon el medio boscoso-lacustre, mucho menos conocido.Como vía para acercarnos a esta problemática hemos utilizadola información brindada por restos óseos de fauna consumidarecuperados en sitios arqueológicos del área del lagoNahuel Huapi, en particular en el sitio El Trébol, el cual incluyeel consumo de fauna hoy día extinta. El lapso que abarcannuestras investigaciones se remonta a unos 10600 años,momento para el cual se registran las primeras ocupacionesen este sitio y en general para el área. Para interpretar estainformación hemos tenido en cuenta, por un lado los cambiosclimáticos que afectaron la conformación de la flora yde la fauna a lo largo del tiempo y por otro los cambios enlas decisiones tomadas por los grupos humanos en relacióna su aprovechamiento. Estas estrategias de uso han variadodesde ingresiones esporádicas al bosque por parte de habitantesde la estepa, hasta estadías efectivas en dos modalidades:aprovechando mayoritariamente los recursos del ámbitoboscoso-lacustre o bien efectuando una explotación repartidaentre el bosque y los ambientes de transición y deestepa. Las evidencias disponibles nos permiten avalar la últimaestrategia mencionada, que analizamos como ?Modelode Complementariedad Ambiental?; una estrategia adaptativaque incluyó en forma variable el uso de los diferentes recursosdel área, facilitada en los últimos 2000 años por innovacionescomo el empleo de embarcaciones (canoas) queacortaban las distancias permitiendo un rápido desplazamientoentre los diferentes ambientes.
Patagonia has been inhabited since about 13,000 years ago by nomadic hunter-gatherer groups, which exploited resources of different environments throughout time, but with a traditional preference for the steppe area, in which man found the main source of subsistence: the guanaco. Archaeological studies have focused on this area, in contrast to the forest-lake area of the Andes, less known. As a way to approach this problem we used the information provided by bones that were part of skeletal remains of wild animals, found in archaeological sites in the area of lake Nahuel Huapi, particularly at El Trébol site, which includes the consumption of wildlife now extinct. The lapse covering our research goes back 10,600 years, by which time the first occupations on this site and in general for the area are registered. To interpret this information, we have taken into account, on one hand climatic changes that affected the formation of the flora and fauna along the millennia, and on the other hand, changes in the decisions taken by human groups regarding their use. These strategies have ranged from sporadic ingressions to the forest by inhabitants of the steppe, to prolonged stays, that were accomplished in two ways: mainly using resources from the forest-lake area or sharing their activities between the forest, the transitional environment, and the steppes. The available evidence allows us to substantiate the last mentioned strategy, discussed in "Model of Environmental Complementarity"; an adaptive strategy that included in different ways the use of the different resources of the area, provided in the past 2000 years by innovations such as the use of boats (canoes) that shortened the distances allowing quick displacements between different environments.
Patagonia has been inhabited since about 13,000 years ago by nomadic hunter-gatherer groups, which exploited resources of different environments throughout time, but with a traditional preference for the steppe area, in which man found the main source of subsistence: the guanaco. Archaeological studies have focused on this area, in contrast to the forest-lake area of the Andes, less known. As a way to approach this problem we used the information provided by bones that were part of skeletal remains of wild animals, found in archaeological sites in the area of lake Nahuel Huapi, particularly at El Trébol site, which includes the consumption of wildlife now extinct. The lapse covering our research goes back 10,600 years, by which time the first occupations on this site and in general for the area are registered. To interpret this information, we have taken into account, on one hand climatic changes that affected the formation of the flora and fauna along the millennia, and on the other hand, changes in the decisions taken by human groups regarding their use. These strategies have ranged from sporadic ingressions to the forest by inhabitants of the steppe, to prolonged stays, that were accomplished in two ways: mainly using resources from the forest-lake area or sharing their activities between the forest, the transitional environment, and the steppes. The available evidence allows us to substantiate the last mentioned strategy, discussed in "Model of Environmental Complementarity"; an adaptive strategy that included in different ways the use of the different resources of the area, provided in the past 2000 years by innovations such as the use of boats (canoes) that shortened the distances allowing quick displacements between different environments.
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