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Artículo

Democratisation or credentialism? Public policies of expansion of higher education in Latin America

Chiroleu, Adriana RosaIcon ; Marquina, Monica Maria
Fecha de publicación: 04/2017
Editorial: Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd
Revista: Policy Reviews in Higher Education
ISSN: 2332-2969
Idioma: Inglés
Tipo de recurso: Artículo publicado
Clasificación temática:
Ciencia Política

Resumen

In recent decades, many Latin American governments have implemented policies to expand opportunities in higher education, aiming at reducing discrimination and social inequalities. These policies have taken different forms, according to the peculiarities of the respective higher education systems. The purpose of this paper is to explore the scope and limitations of these policies. We develop our analysis of theoretical literature on the subject, and review empirical information available from secondary sources of recent experience in five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela. Argentina has increased opportunities for disadvantaged social sectors by expanding the public sector. Brazil has attempted to improve access for ethnic and social minorities in both public and private institutions. Chile is a unique case because of the continuing commitment to allow market forces to shape higher education. In Mexico, increased opportunities for access have resulted from the creation of intercultural universities and technical institutions in the public sector, as well as through growth in the private sector. Finally, in Venezuela, expansion occurred through the creation of a new system of universities that operates in parallel to traditional public institutions. We note that, in all cases, the policies reflect an underlying belief that there are only benefits to unlimited expansion, without regard to possible consequences, such as an excess of university graduates in economies with limited job opportunities for them. Moreover, these policies do not take into consideration the deficit of cultural and educational capital of young people who come from the most marginalised social sectors, deficits that may hinder their success. Concepts such as ‘overeducation’ or ‘credencialism’ call into question that optimistic belief and explain the limitations of the coverage expansion in terms of real democratisation.
Palabras clave: Higher Education Policy , Democratization , Latin America
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Excepto donde se diga explícitamente, este item se publica bajo la siguiente descripción: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)
Identificadores
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11336/50222
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23322969.2017.1303787
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2017.1303787
Colecciones
Articulos(CCT - ROSARIO)
Articulos de CTRO.CIENTIFICO TECNOL.CONICET - ROSARIO
Citación
Chiroleu, Adriana Rosa; Marquina, Monica Maria; Democratisation or credentialism? Public policies of expansion of higher education in Latin America; Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd; Policy Reviews in Higher Education; 1; 2; 4-2017; 139-160
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