Short-term effects of a green coffee extract-, Garcinia c ambogia- and l-carnitine-containing chewing gum on snack intake and appetite regulation

Abstract

Introduction Different studies have assessed the influenceof chewing gum to aid control of appetite and reduce foodintake.Purpose The aims of the present study were to evaluate theeffects of chewing gum on satiety, food hedonics and snackintake and to explore the potential effects of the combination of Garcinia cambogia, green coffee extract and l-carnitine on satiety, when administered in a gum format.Methods This was a prospective study in which 57 subjectsrandomly received three kinds of treatments, in a crossoverdesign: (1) active gum; (2) placebo gum; and (3) no gum.Food preferences and appetite sensations were evaluatedby means of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire andvisual analog scales.Results There was a signifcant reduction in low-fat sweetsnack intake with placebo gum and the active gum compared to no gum and a reduction in high-fat sweet snackintake with the active gum compared to placebo gum andno gum. Total caloric intake was only reduced in the activegum condition. Both the active and placebo gum conditionssignifcantly reduced hunger and prospective food consumption and increased fullness compared to no gum andwere associated with a reduced wanting for sweet food inthe LFPQ, consistent in a reduction in the relative preference for sweet snacks versus savoury snacks.Conclusion This study supports the notion that chewinggum containing nutraceutical products might aid in thecontrol over snack intake and reduce hunger sensations.