Tempo and mode in the replacement of trilobite evolutionary faunas from the Cordillera Oriental basin (Northwestern Argentina)

Abstract

Major ecological transitions among evolutionary faunas are matters of continual debate. Our study analyses the timing and mode of replacement of Ibex I and II Trilobite Evolutionary Faunas (TEF) in Lower Ordovician successions of northwestern Argentina, with special emphasis on olenids and asaphids as key groups of the Ibex I and Ibex II faunas, respectively. We explore richness by using the sample rarefaction method, and occupancy based on a presence?absence dataset. The late Tremadocian 2 (Tr2) represents an inflexion point in richness and occupancy trajectories of asaphids and olenids. While olenids diminish their generic richness through time, asaphids became the richest family since the Tr3 predating the global trend recognized for the expansion of the Ibex II Fauna. Asaphids gained diversity at the expense of other trilobites as well, their rise in diversity lags behind the increase in occupancy suggesting a displacement scenario as the probable mode of replacement between the Ibex I and II TEFs. Apparently, the processes of replacement variate among regions across the globe, configuring a complex global mosaic of regional patterns.