Rotation control of a parametrically excited pendulum by adjusting its length

Abstract

We present a new control strategy for the vertically excited parametric pendulum, with a view on energy harvesting from rotating motion. Two possible energy sources are considered: a vibrating machine, represented by a sinusoidal excitation; and the sea waves, simulated by a stochastic process. In both cases, rotations can be achieved and maintained only for some forcing conditions. Thus, as stable rotations are required, the pendulum must be controlled. We propose to perform this control by means of a telescopic adjustment of the pendulum length during the motion. The idea is to give the pendulum an aid to reach and maintain rotations, accelerating the motion by modifying conveniently the position of the mass. To a better understanding of this concept, one may think of a child on a swing, who extends or retracts his legs in order to accelerate the motion. Numerical simulations show that, with a control action of this kind, stable rotations can be reached regardless of the forcing conditions and for every set of initial conditions. These are very promising results in terms of energy harvesting, since an optimized application of this control technique can lead to the design of autonomous pendulum harvester devices.