Carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for biomarkers

Abstract

This review is focused on the critical discussion about the most representative carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for the quantification of different biomarkers of clin-ical relevance reported in the period 2013?2017 (carcynoembryonic antigen, prostate specificantigen, alpha-fetoprotein, cytokines, cardiac biomarkers, insulin growth factor-1, -galactoside--2,6-sialyltransferase, DNA sequences, microRNAs, and dopamine). We concentrated our attention on themolecules used as (bio)recognition elements, the approaches for immobilizing these (bio)recognitionmolecules at the electrode surfaces, the strategies to generate the analytical signal (label-free or labeled),the analytical performance of the resulting (bio)sensors, and the role of CNTs in these different aspects.