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Artículo

Barcoding the butterflies of southern South America: Species delimitation efficacy, cryptic diversity and geographic patterns of divergence

Lavinia Oblanca, Pablo DamiánIcon ; Núñez Bustos, Ezequiel OsvaldoIcon ; Kopuchian, CeciliaIcon ; Lijtmaer, Dario AlejandroIcon ; García, Natalia CristinaIcon ; Hebert, Paul David Neil; Tubaro, Pablo LuisIcon
Fecha de publicación: 10/2017
Editorial: Public Library of Science
Revista: Plos One
ISSN: 1932-6203
Idioma: Inglés
Tipo de recurso: Artículo publicado
Clasificación temática:
Otras Ciencias Biológicas

Resumen

Because the tropical regions of America harbor the highest concentration of butterfly species, its fauna has attracted considerable attention. Much less is known about the butterflies of southern South America, particularly Argentina, where over 1,200 species occur. To advance understanding of this fauna, we assembled a DNA barcode reference library for 417 butterfly species of Argentina, focusing on the Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot. We tested the efficacy of this library for specimen identification, used it to assess the frequency of cryptic species, and examined geographic patterns of genetic variation, making this study the first large-scale genetic assessment of the butterflies of southern South America. The average sequence divergence to the nearest neighbor (i.e. minimum interspecific distance) was 6.91%, ten times larger than the mean distance to the furthest conspecific (0.69%), with a clear barcode gap present in all but four of the species represented by two or more specimens. As a consequence, the DNA barcode library was extremely effective in the discrimination of these species, allowing a correct identification in more than 95% of the cases. Singletons (i.e. species represented by a single sequence) were also distinguishable in the gene trees since they all had unique DNA barcodes, divergent from those of the closest non-conspecific. The clustering algorithms implemented recognized from 416 to 444 barcode clusters, suggesting that the actual diversity of butterflies in Argentina is 3%?9% higher than currently recognized. Furthermore, our survey added three new records of butterflies for the country (Eurema agave, Mithras hannelore, Melanis hillapana). In summary, this study not only supported the utility of DNA barcoding for the identification of the butterfly species of Argentina, but also highlighted several cases of both deep intraspecific and shallow interspecific divergence that should be studied in more detail.
Palabras clave: Argentina , Butterflies , Cryptic Diversity , Dna Barcoding , Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units , Species Discrimination
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Excepto donde se diga explícitamente, este item se publica bajo la siguiente descripción: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)
Identificadores
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11336/40220
DOI: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/search?q=Barcoding+the+butterflies+of+southern+
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186845
Colecciones
Articulos(CECOAL)
Articulos de CENTRO DE ECOLOGIA APLICADA DEL LITORAL (I)
Citación
Lavinia Oblanca, Pablo Damián; Núñez Bustos, Ezequiel Osvaldo; Kopuchian, Cecilia; Lijtmaer, Dario Alejandro; García, Natalia Cristina; et al.; Barcoding the butterflies of southern South America: Species delimitation efficacy, cryptic diversity and geographic patterns of divergence; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 12; 10; 10-2017
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