Catalytic cracking of bio-oils improved by the formation of mesopores by means of Y zeolite desilication

Abstract

Y zeolite was desilicated by means of alkaline treatments (NaOH 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 M) during 15 min to produce varying mesoporosity over it. Catalysts were made with a SiO2 matrix and a binder. Pine sawdust bio-oil was produced by pyrolysis and immediately upgraded on a bed of the compound catalysts. The experiments were produced in a fixed bed reactor at 550 ºC using different catalyst to reactants relationships. The desilicated zeolites were more effective than the parent zeolite to deoxygenate bio-oil and produce more hydrocarbons, with higher selectivity to olefins (more than 35 %wt.) and lower selectivity to aromatics (less than 60 %wt.) in gasoline. The selectivity to C4- and gasoline olefins increased if the mesoporosity was higher, and the coke formed was less condensed. These observations were the result of improvements in the diffusion of bulky molecules in bio-oils, such as phenolic ethers, increasing their conversion to hydrocarbons.