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dc.contributor.author
Graham, J. Edgar
dc.contributor.author
Stuart Smith, Rick D.
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Willis, Trevor J.
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Kininmonth, Stuart
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Baker, Susan C.
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Banks, Stuart
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Barrett, Neville S.
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Becerro, Mikel A.
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Bernard, Anthony T. F.
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Berkhout, Just
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Buxton, Colin D.
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Campbell, Stuart J.
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Cooper, Antonia T.
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Davey, Marlene
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Edgar, Sophie C.
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Försterra, Günter
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Galvan, David Edgardo
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Irigoyen, Alejo Joaquin
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Kushner, David J.
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Moura, Rodrigo
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Parnell, P. Ed
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Shears, Nick T.
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Soler, German
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Strain, Elisabeth M. A.
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Thomson, Russell J.
dc.date.available
2017-12-14T19:00:50Z
dc.date.issued
2014-02-05
dc.identifier.citation
Graham, J. Edgar; Stuart Smith, Rick D.; Willis, Trevor J.; Kininmonth, Stuart; Baker, Susan C.; et al.; Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features; Nature Publishing Group; Nature; 506; 5-2-2014; 216-220
dc.identifier.issn
0028-0836
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/30692
dc.description.abstract
In line with global targets agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity, the number of marine protected areas (MPAs) is increasing rapidly, yet socio-economic benefits generated by MPAs remain difficult to predict and under debate. MPAs often fail to reach their full potential as a consequence of factors such as illegal harvesting, regulations that legally allow detrimental harvesting, or emigration of animals outside boundaries because of continuous habitat or inadequate size of reserve. Here we show that the conservation benefits of 87 MPAs investigated worldwide increase exponentially with the accumulation of five key features: no take, well enforced, old (>10 years), large (>100km2), and isolated by deep water or sand. Using effective MPAs with four or five key features as an unfished standard, comparisons of underwater survey data from effective MPAs with predictions based on survey data from fished coasts indicate that total fish biomass has declined about two-thirds from historical baselines as a result of fishing. Effective MPAs also had twice as many large (>250mm total length) fish species per transect, five timesmore large fish biomass, and fourteen times more shark biomass than fished areas. Most (59%) of the MPAs studied had only one or two key features and were not ecologically distinguishable from fished sites. Our results show that global conservation targets based on area alone will not optimize protection of marine biodiversity. More emphasis is needed on better MPA design, durable management and compliance to ensure that MPAs achieve their desired conservation value.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Nature Publishing Group
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
Marine Protected Areas
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Reef
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Marine Conservation
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Biodiversity
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Otras Ciencias Biológicas
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Ciencias Biológicas
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CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
dc.title
Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2017-07-27T12:31:38Z
dc.journal.volume
506
dc.journal.pagination
216-220
dc.journal.pais
Reino Unido
dc.journal.ciudad
Londres
dc.description.fil
Fil: Graham, J. Edgar. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Stuart Smith, Rick D.. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Willis, Trevor J.. University of Portsmouth; Reino Unido
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Fil: Kininmonth, Stuart. University of Tasmania; Australia. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia
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Fil: Baker, Susan C.. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Banks, Stuart. Charles Darwin Foundation; Ecuador
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Fil: Barrett, Neville S.. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Becerro, Mikel A.. Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute; España
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Fil: Bernard, Anthony T. F.. South African Environmental Observation network; Sudáfrica
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Fil: Berkhout, Just. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Buxton, Colin D.. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Campbell, Stuart J.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unidos
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Fil: Cooper, Antonia T.. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Davey, Marlene. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Edgar, Sophie C.. Department of Water; Australia
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Fil: Försterra, Günter. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Chile
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Fil: Galvan, David Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina
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Fil: Irigoyen, Alejo Joaquin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina
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Fil: Kushner, David J.. United States National Park Service; Estados Unidos
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Fil: Moura, Rodrigo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
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Fil: Parnell, P. Ed. University of California at San Diego. Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Estados Unidos
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Fil: Shears, Nick T.. The University Of Auckland; Nueva Zelanda
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Fil: Soler, German. University of Tasmania; Australia
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Fil: Strain, Elisabeth M. A.. Universidad de Bologna; Italia
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Fil: Thomson, Russell J.. University of Tasmania; Australia
dc.journal.title
Nature
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13022
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13022
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