Bone tissue regenerative medicine via bioactive nanomaterials

Abstract

Due to the organized nanoscale hierarchical structure of the bone tissue, the cells are naturally accustomed to interact with surfaces of large degree of nanometer roughness. This is in contrast to the materials that are being implanted today which have micron-scale topographies. Nanotechnology holds the promise to develop the next generation of orthopedic implants providing structured scaffolds to support cell proliferation and efficient delivery systems. This brief review tries to summarize the most recent developments related to the nanomaterials application to the bone regenerative medicine and discusses their commercialization projection in consideration to their toxicological risks.