Impact of Freezing, Storage, and Pasteurization on Nutritional Components and Redox Biomarkers in Human Milk Donations

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluates the impact of various processing steps in the human milk (HM) donation chain on nutritional composition and oxidative biomarkers, specifically focusing on triacylglycerols, glucose, polyphenols, and lipid peroxides.Materials and Methods: A total of 68 HM samples were collected from the Human Milk Bank of Córdoba (Argentina) between 2022 and 2023. The effects of storage and pasteurization using the Holder method were assessed. Biochemical analyses were conducted to measure nutrient levels and oxidative markers. Statistical analyses included time-related modeling and paired t tests to evaluate the effects of storage and pasteurization, respectively.Results: Triacylglycerol levels were markedly reduced during home storage (R2 = 0.802, p = 0.0210), whereas glucose, lipid peroxides, and polyphenols remained stable (R2 < 0.3, p > 0.05). Storage at the bank did not affect these biomarkers (R2 < 0.25, p > 0.05). Pasteurization resulted in increased glucose levels (p = 0.0292) and decreased triacylglycerol levels (p = 0.0073), along with a significant reduction in lipid peroxides (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: The findings indicate that home storage conditions significantly diminish triacylglycerol levels in HM, highlighting the need for improved storage practices among donors. Pasteurization provides antioxidant benefits by reducing lipid peroxides while maintaining nutritional integrity.