Peanut and Pecan Nut Shell Extracts Reduced Disease Incidence and Severity Caused by Grey Mold in Postharvest Strawberries

Abstract

Postharvest fungal infections, particularly by Botrytis cinerea, can cause up to 50% losses in fruits and vegetables, and the overuse of synthetic fungicides has led to resistant pathogen strains. We hypothesized that hexane (Hex) and methanolic (MeOH) extracts from peanut (P) and pecan nut (PN) shells possess antifungal properties effective against B. cinerea in strawberries. To test this, we conducted both in vitro and ex vivo assays using strawberries inoculated with B. cinerea, comparing two controls (T0: water; T1: commercial synthetic fungicide) with four treatments—Hex-P, MeOH-P, Hex-PN, and MeOH-PN—at 1000 and 2000 ppm (in vitro) and 4000 ppm (ex vivo). Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) were also measured. MeOH-P and Hex-PN extracts at 2000 ppm significantly inhibited fungal mycelial growth in vitro. In ex vivo assays, MeOHP reduced both disease incidence and severity comparably to the synthetic fungicide. MeOH-PN exhibited the highest TPC and AA. These findings support the potential use of MeOH-P extract as a natural alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling B. cinerea in strawberries during postharvest storage.