Tectonic context of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands: a review of active offshore structures as a base for tsunami modeling

Abstract

This study provides a detailed structural analysis of the fault systems in Puerto Rico and the surrounding region. We focus on classifying fault patterns based on seismic reflection data and estimating the earthquake magnitudes for individual fault segments. Current tectonic activity is analyzed by correlating fault structures, seismicity, and deformation patterns derived from Global Navigation Satellite System measurements, offering insight into the strain distribution of the area. We identify key seismogenic sources and evaluate their potential for generating large earthquakes, emphasizing their tsunamigenic potential. The Bunce, Bowin, Investigator Fault Systems, Mona Canyon, and other regional structures are highlighted for their significant role in the ongoing tectonic deformation. This analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of local seismic hazards. It contributes to tsunami risk assessment for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, providing essential information for regional disaster preparedness and future research efforts.