Non-Human Agents: Exploring Modern AI Through the Lens of Contemporary Ontology and Theology

Abstract

Accelerated Artificial Intelligence (AI) development necessitates re-evaluating intelligence and agency. This paper examines AI's evolution?focusing on large language models (LLMs), agentic AI, and robotics?exploring philosophical and theological implications. Engaging ontological models, from substantialism to relationalism, it interprets AI's nature and impact on human self-understanding. Theologically, it centers on imago Dei, comparing human and artificial intelligence regarding rationality, relationality, and embodiment. It addresses ethical dilemmas including moral agency and responsibility. Integrating philosophical and theological methodologies, the paper aims to understand AI's place, significance, and ethical considerations for responsible development, concluding with emphasis on interdisciplinary dialogue.