Advances, debts, and prospects of geoarchaeology in Latin America

Abstract

Geoarchaeology began to develop in Latin America during the 1990s, driven by geoscientists with a keen interest in this interdisciplinary field. In the 21st century, geoarchaeology has continued to grow significantly in the region due to its increasing importance in enhancing archaeological interpretations. This discipline provides a contextual framework for understanding site stratigraphy and formation processes, addressing critical questions such as whether a site is in situ or has been reworked, the significance of material associations, and the temporal resolution of assemblages, among other topics. These contributions make geoarchaeological studies essential for any archaeological research. Consequently, this discipline should be an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum for professional archaeologists. However, due to traditional approaches in the field, geoarchaeological content—if included at all—remains scarce in Latin American universities, even in programs offering long-term degrees in Anthropology or Archaeology. This represents a significant gap that must be addressed in the near future. Since 2012, GEGAL (Grupo de Estudios Geoarqueológicos de América Latina) has worked to promote and advance geoarchaeology, striving to shape the discipline with a distinct Latin American perspective. Despite ongoing challenges, geoarchaeological research in Latin America today demonstrates considerable diversity, high quality, and growing international recognition.