Neuroprotection induced by erythropoietin

Abstract

In recent years, research has unveiled the ability of erythropoietin (Epo), a natural glycoprotein mainly associated with the survival of erythroid cells, to protect different tissues from various types of stress and cell death. This cytoprotective activity is derived from the differential capacity of Epo to bind specific receptors which trigger signaling cascades related to apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Among the many tissues in which Epo is known to exert protection, the nervous system offers interesting therapeutic opportunities. Research works performed in neuronal cell cultures and in animal models, as well as clinical trials involving patients with different pathologies, present Epo as a promising neuroprotective factor. Moreover, Epo-derived peptides are currently being investigated for their ability to promote neuronal cell survival without an unnecessary increase in hematocrit, thus preventing the unwanted effects of the treatment. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the neuroprotective mechanisms and actions of Epo.