Recent applications of third-order/four-way and fourth-order/five-way data analysis

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the recent advances in theoretical and experimental procedures on third-order/four-way and fourth-order/five-way analytical methods. For higher-order data generation, most of the published works report the use of excitation–emission luminescence matrices technique coupled to some experimental variable as the third mode, e.g., kinetics, chromatographic resolution, pH gradient, luminescence lifetime, or other physical–chemical treatment. The success of these protocols has been demonstrated for a wide range of applications in the environmental, bioanalytical, and food fields and is described here. In addition, the analytical benefits achieved by performing third- and fourth-order data modeling for the quantitative/qualitative/descriptive analysis of complex samples are detailed throughout this chapter.