Melatonin and vitamin D as potential synergistic adjuvants for cancer therapy

Abstract

Melatonin and vitamin D (VitD) hold significant promise in cancer prevention and treatment due to their shared anti-inflammatory, immune-boosting, and anti-cancer properties. Deficiencies in both agents can arise from modern lifestyles, with low sunlight exposure impacting VitD and excessive artificial light at night suppressing melatonin. Several studies highlight the potential of combining VitD and melatonin supplementation against various cancer types. Research on lip, oral, and pharynx cancers suggests this combination could address antioxidant imbalances linked to the disease. Similarly, promising results from breast, head and neck, brain, and osteosarcoma studies indicate potential for tumor growth inhibition and improved survival and quality of life. Beyond tumor control, this combination has shown significant benefits in lung cancer patients by improving survival, alleviating respiratory symptoms, and enhancing patient’s quality of life. The radioprotective potential of VitD and melatonin is another exciting area of exploration. Combining these agents with radiotherapy may improve its effectiveness while mitigating side effects. However, further research is crucial to determine the optimal and safe dosage. Considering the prevalence of VitD and melatonin deficiencies in society, supplementation becomes particularly relevant since their lower levels can worsen the side effects of cancer treatments like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, the sleep-promoting effects of melatonin may indirectly benefit cancer patients through its impact on the immune system. Large-scale controlled trials are needed to definitively establish the efficacy of combining VitD and melatonin in improving cancer patients´ lives. This approach shows considerable promise owing to its affordability, lack of toxicity, and dependence, in addition to the potential synergy between these readily available agents.