Drone Congregation areas of Apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) and Nosema sp. (nosematidae) in Bolivia: first report

Abstract

Drone Congregation Areas (DCAs) are crucial natural gathering sites for Apis mellifera mating, like male leks in other animals. In these areas, virgin queens and drones from various hives congregate for mating, promoting genetic variability essential for colony adaptation and survival. Identifying drones in DCAs helps to understand the genetic variability within bee populations, which is crucial for promoting colony survival and resilience. Two areas in Villa Montes, Bolivia, were identified as potential DCAs through exploration methods utilizing satellite imagery. Furthermore, drones were captured within these DCAs using an attractive pheromone attached to an unmanned aerial vehicle to assess Nosema infection in the population.