Nonequilibrium potential for linear energy harvester and work relationships

Abstract

In this work, we present an analytical study of a linear kinetic energy harvester driven byGaussian noise through a nonequilibrium potential (NEP) approach. Taking advantage of theNEP we conduct a statistical and thermodynamic analysis that reveals the stationary probabilitydistribution function and its moments, offering insight into the harvester’s stochasticbehavior. Additionally, we make use of the energy landscape approach to visualize the implicationsof connecting a high load resistor, highlighting its impact on performance. Our findingsalso include generalized formulations of the Clausius inequality and Jarzynski equation, whichwe verify numerically.