Optimum flow rate of actively deformable particles in the overdamped regime

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the behavior of actively deformable particles in a two-dimensional systemas they ow through a narrow constriction under overdamped conditions. The model simulatesparticles that oscillate by harmonically changing their radius over time, with dynamics and interactionforces re ecting general cellular systems. We identify an optimal self-oscillation frequency at whichthe ow rate is maximized, occurring when the oscillation period matches the time needed for aparticle to traverse a few of its own radii. While the model is a highly simpli ed abstraction and notintended to replicate the complexity of biological systems, it offers valuable insights into themechanisms that may underlie ef cient movement in crowded cellular contexts.