Evaluación de un residuo bioestabilizado rico en yerba mate como componente de sustrato para almácigos de albahaca

Abstract

En los almácigos de especies aromáticocondimenticias, es habitual utilizar sustratos poco renovables, como turba, “tierra negra” o “mantillo”. Para estudiar su reemplazo con otro más sustentable, se evaluó el uso de un residuo bioestabilizado (RB) a base de restos domiciliarios ricos en yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) como sustrato en almácigos de albahaca (Ocimum basilicum). El RB se obtuvo tratando mezclas de restos domiciliarios de yerba mate, en una proporción 70/30 con restos de frutas y verduras, en recipientes aireados que semanalmente se mezclaban. Luego de 120 días de proceso, el RB se tamizó y se evaluaron sus propiedades físicoquímicas y efectos en almácigos de albahaca. Se establecieron 5 tratamientos (T) con diferentes combinaciones del RB y un sustrato comercial (SC): T1: 100% SC; T2: 75% SC+ 25% RB; T3: 50% SC + 50% RB; T4: 25% SC + 75% RB y T5: 100% RB. Cada tratamiento constó de 3 repeticiones con 24 plantas muestrales cada uno. El poder germinativo, la altura de plantas y la longitud de raíz fueron significativamente reducidas en T5. La altura de plantas y el número de hojas fueron significativamente superiores en T3 y T4. En todas las combinaciones de componentes (T2, T3, T4) se encontró la mayor masa fresca y seca de parte aérea, y de masa fresca de planta entera respecto del T1. El T4 presentó la mayor masa seca de la parte aérea. El RB resultó apto como componente de sustratos en almácigos de albahaca.

In the production of aromatic-condiment seedlings, it is common to use less renewable substrates, such as peat, "black earth" or "mulch". To verify their replacement with a more sustainable substrate, the use of a bioestabilized residue (RB) based on household waste rich in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) was evaluated as substrate in basilicum (Ocimum basilicum) seedlings. RB was obtained by treating mixtures of household waste from yerba mate, in a 70/30 proportion with remains of fruits and vegetables, in aerated containers that were weekly mixed. After 120 days of the process, the RB was sifted and its physicochemical properties and effects on basil seedlings were evaluated. Five treatments (T) were established with different combinations of MB and a commercial substrate (SC): T1: 100% SC; T2: 75% SC+ 25% RB; T3: 50% SC + 50% RB; T4: 25% SC + 75% RB and T5: 100% RB. Each treatment consisted of 3 repetitions with 24 sample plants each. The germinative power, plant height and root length were significantly reduced in T5. The height of plants and number of leaves were significantly higher in T3 and T4. In all the combinations of components (T2, T3, T4) the highest fresh and dry mass of the aerial part, and the fresh mass of the whole plant were found with respect to T1. The T4 presented the highest dry mass of the aerial part. The RB was suitable as a substrate component in basil plantations.