Sostener escuelas en el temprano siglo XIX: del real y medio a la contribución directa

Abstract

The article explores the transition in financing elementary schools from the real y medio from the cajas de comunidad of Indian villages to direct contributions of the republican period in the southern valley of Toluca, Mexico. Both taxes were used to support schools, which allows us to explore changes and continuities between colonial and republican institutions. The paper seeks to articulate aspects of fiscal and education history. The analysis is based on sources collected in national and state archives as well as in a half a dozen municipal archives.