Adjuvant effect of Cliptox™ on the protective immune response induced by an inactivated vaccine against foot and mouth disease virus in mice

Abstract

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute disease caused by Foot and Mouth DiseaseVirus (FMDV) which causes important economy losses, this is why it is necessaryto obtain a vaccine that stimulates a rapid and long-lasting protective immuneresponse. Cliptox is a mineral microparticle that in earlier studies has shownadjuvant activity against different antigens. In this study we have examined the effects of Cliptox on the magnitude and type of immunity elicited in response to inactivated FMDV (iFMDV) vaccine. It was demonstrated that iFMDV-Cliptoxstimulates a specific antibody response detected in mucosal and in sera. Thedifferent isotype profiles elicited by inoculation with this vaccine indicate aTh1/Th2 response. Also, an increase in dendritic cells and macrophages in thespleen in comparison with the iFMDV vaccine iFMDV-Cliptox was detected. TheCliptox-iFMDV formulation was non toxic by using egg embryos and yieldedincreased protection against challenge with FMDV in the murine model. Our resultsshow that the incorporation of Cliptox into FMDVi vaccine induces an increase of the specific protective immune response in mice and clearly indicate that CliptoxTM exert an (important) up-regulation on DC and MPhi. Additionally, Cliptox TMadjuvant can be used in vaccines for induction of mucosal immune response.