Biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties of a new bovine bone graft

Abstract

Bovine materials are biocompatible and osteoconductive, allowing newly formed bone apposition and partial remodeling process. Synergy Bone Matrix (SBM) (Odontit Implant System) effects on bone healing were compared to those of Bio-Oss (BO) (Geistlich). A critical sized bone defect (CZD) was created on both sides of the mandible in rabbits, and filled either with SBM or BO, or remained unfilled (control). Animals were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. We assessed clinical and biochemically systemic toxicity; lungs, kidney and liver pathology; bone formation and device resorption histomorphometrically; X-rays; and compression and flexural biomechanical tests. None of the rabbits presented signs of systemic toxicity. Control rabbits developed either fibrosis or adipose tissue independently of time-period; new bone formation or remaining bone substitute amount did not show significant differences between SBM and BO (p=ns). CZD in mandibles filled with both bone grafts exhibited radiopacity compatible with proper healing and gradual replacement of bone grafts; no significant differences between SBM and BO were observed for elastic modulus, shear modulus and compressive strength while control group showed significantly lower values (p<0.001). Our findings suggest that both biomaterials are similar regarding bone regeneration, osteoconduction and newly formed bone quality. Therefore SBM, the new bone material, can be used for the repairing of bone defects.