Eficiencia energética para lograr mejor calidad de vida y cuidar el ambiente

Abstract

Este estudio se centra en el consumo de combustibles para calefacción, consideraciones respecto a eficiencia energética residencial y la necesidad de establecer un compromiso para el desarrollo de políticas públicas que mejoren el confort térmico de las viviendas. Alcanzar un umbral aceptable de eficiencia energética en viviendas y edificios, mejora la calidad de vida de las personas, aliviana la economía doméstica, disminuye la demanda de combustibles y la deforestación, y evita la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero al ambiente. Este artículo se extiende principalmente para todos los habitantes del parque nacional, como son comunidades de pueblos originarios, pobladores criollos y propietarios privados.

Changes in energy use in rural households in Patagonia were studied in relation to a state program that attempts to replace firewood for heating with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in energetically vulnerable communities. The study was carried out in the community of Laguna Blanca, province of Río Negro, located in the Patagonian steppe to 200 km from the city of Bariloche. The houses of the area were visited in which the consumption of fuel for heating and its constructive quality were identified. The results have been quantified in relation to the energy consumption of heating fuels before and after the implementation of LPG in relation to the thermal quality of the households. It was observed that before the intervention, an average household in the area consumed 7,650 kg of firewood per year for heating and 60 kg of LPG for cooking. After the installation of LPG for heating, the use of firewood continued with 3,900 kg per year plus 2,895 kg of LPG. In relation to thermal quality, single-family houses were built without energy efficiency measures, presenting reinforced concrete structures, fired clay bricks, metal roofs and simple glass windows. It was determined that the spending allocated to the LPG subsidy for a household for 2.2 years could be used to improve its quality and insulation, which would reduce gas consumption by 50% and substantially improve people's quality of life.