Nanomaterial-based Multifunctional Inks for the Fabrication of printed Biosensors

Abstract

Biosensors are increasingly used as low-cost, selective and highly sensitive laboratory and point-of-care devices. In this framework, both nanomaterials and printing techniques have the ability to trigger their enormous potential. The aim of this chapter is to review the application of nanodispersions in ink formulations in order to confer specific properties to printed layers regarding the fabrication of biosensors. Such properties are optimal immobilization/stabilization of biological recognition elements, electrical conduction, optical properties, selective adsorption of analytes and catalysis. This review will include commercial inks, scientific articles and patents. Focusing mainly on optical and electrochemical biosensors, different issues will be covered: from ink formulation (i.e.: stabilization of nanodispersions, water and solvent-based inks) to device prototyping and analytical performance of state-of-the art devices.