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dc.contributor.author
Backwell, Lucinda Ruth
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dc.contributor.author
d'Errico, F.
dc.contributor.author
de la Peña, Paloma
dc.contributor.author
Wadley, Lyn.
dc.contributor.other
Beyin, Amanuel
dc.contributor.other
Wright, David K.
dc.contributor.other
Wilkins, Jayne
dc.contributor.other
Olszewski, Deborah I.
dc.date.available
2024-02-21T17:46:22Z
dc.date.issued
2023
dc.identifier.citation
Backwell, Lucinda Ruth; d'Errico, F.; de la Peña, Paloma; Wadley, Lyn.; Border Cave, South Africa; Springer; 2023; 1297-1310
dc.identifier.isbn
978-3-031-20290-2
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/227908
dc.description.abstract
Border Cave in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, preserves a long and continuous archaeological record from 227 ka to 24 ka years ago, rendering it a key Middle Stone Age site in southern Africa. It has yielded the skeletal remains of eight anatomically modern Homo sapiens individuals, a lithic sequence that includes MSA 1, MSA 2, MSA 3, and Early Later Stone Age Industries, ochre, marine shells, the oldest burial associated with a personal ornament, and early expressions of complex cognition and innovation. Organic preservation is remarkable, with grass bedding that contains aromatic leaves with insecticidal properties found throughout the sequence. The bedding layers show that it was systematically placed on a layer of ash to deter crawling insects. Comprehending that aromatic leaves and ash deter pests, and using them as tools for delayed gratification following planning and strategizing, and organization that entailed a sequence of events, implies that complex cognition was in place from 200,000 years ago. Charred underground storage organs come from layers dated to 170,000 years ago, making them the oldest known examples of cooked starchy rhizomes. The fact that the rhizomes were cooked implies that the inhabitants of the shelter were able to make fire at will, another indication of complex cognition in early modern humans. A range of organic remains such as ostrich eggshell beads and bone points used as poisoned arrowheads are found in Early Later Stone Age layers starting at around 44,000 years ago, and they represent the earliest examples of modern human behavior as we know it.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Springer
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dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
Border Cave
dc.subject
Middle Stone Age
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South Africa
dc.subject
Archaeology
dc.subject.classification
Arqueología
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dc.subject.classification
Historia y Arqueología
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dc.subject.classification
HUMANIDADES
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dc.title
Border Cave, South Africa
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/parte de libro
dc.date.updated
2024-01-23T15:23:48Z
dc.journal.pagination
1297-1310
dc.journal.pais
Suiza
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dc.journal.ciudad
Cham
dc.description.fil
Fil: Backwell, Lucinda Ruth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica
dc.description.fil
Fil: d'Errico, F.. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. University of Bergen; Noruega
dc.description.fil
Fil: de la Peña, Paloma. Universidad de Johannesburgo; Noruega. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos
dc.description.fil
Fil: Wadley, Lyn.. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-20290-2_84
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20290-2_84
dc.conicet.paginas
2146
dc.source.titulo
Handbook of Pleistocene Archaeology of Africa: Hominin Behavior, Geography, and Chronology
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