Pressure sensitivity as an indicator of impaired proprioception in ASD

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairment in social interactions, communication deficits, and restricted interests and behaviors. It is well documented that autistic children present severe difficulties in sensory processing, including proprioceptive and vestibular systems. The poor proprioceptive processing among ASD children impairs basic functions such as gross motor skills, postural control, organization of space, modulation of muscle force and effort and suitable motor patterns involved in imitation. A general concern among parents and educators is the frequent insensitivity to pain and lack of modulation of physical force of autistic children, which often leads to unintentional situations of aggression to peers or self-injurious behaviors. Objective.– The aim of this work is to assess if perception of pressure sensitivity is impaired in ASD children compared to neurotypical children. We hypothesized that the record of pressure sensitivity could be a potential indicator of the child’s proprioceptive modulation and processing. Results.– To assess this hypothesis we recruited 40 3–12 years old children with ASD and 40 age-matched neurotypical children from Patagonia (Argentina). Pressure sensitivity was measured using a conventional manual sphygmomanometer. In the autism group, pressure sensitivity in both arms and legs was significantly diminished in comparison with control group. This decrement correlated with difficulties in gross motor skills and some insensitivity to pain, both reported by parents and educators. Conclusion.– These results reinforce our hypothesis and highlight the importance of including proprioceptive techniques in intervention programs for ASD children in order to improve their body perception and subsequently social interaction.