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dc.contributor.author
Nagassar, Rajeev P.
dc.contributor.author
Jalim, Narin
dc.contributor.author
Mitchell, Arianne
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Harrinanan, Ashley
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Mohammed, Anisa
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Dookeeram, Darren K.
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Marin, Danini
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Giangreco, Lucia
dc.contributor.author
Lichtenberger, Paola
dc.contributor.author
Marin, Gustavo Horacio
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dc.date.available
2024-01-09T12:56:36Z
dc.date.issued
2023-02
dc.identifier.citation
Nagassar, Rajeev P.; Jalim, Narin; Mitchell, Arianne; Harrinanan, Ashley; Mohammed, Anisa; et al.; Antimicrobial Consumption from 2017 to 2021 in East Trinidad and Tobago: A Study in the English-Speaking Caribbean; MDPI; Antibiotics; 12; 3; 2-2023; 1-12
dc.identifier.issn
2079-6382
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/222971
dc.description.abstract
An antimicrobial consumption (AMC) study was performed in Trinidad and Tobago at the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA). A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1 November 2021 to 30 March 2022. Dosage and package types of amoxicillin, azithromycin, co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Consumption was measured using the World Health Organization’s Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption Surveillance System methodology version 1.0, as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 population per day (DID). They were also analyzed using the ‘Access’, ‘Watch’ and ‘Reserve’ classifications. In the ERHA, AMC ranged from 6.9 DID to 4.6 DID. With regards to intravenous formulations, the ‘Watch’ group displayed increased consumption, from 0.160 DID in 2017 to 0.238 DID in 2019, followed by a subsequent drop in consumption with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral co-amoxiclav, oral cefuroxime, oral azithromycin and oral co-trimoxazole were the most highly consumed antibiotics. The hospital started off as the higher consumer of antibiotics, but this changed to the community. The consumption of ‘Watch’ group antibiotics increased from 2017 to 2021, with a drop in consumption of ‘Access’ antibiotics and at the onset of COVID-19. Consumption of oral azithromycin was higher in 2021 than 2020.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
MDPI
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION
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ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION
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ANTIBIOTICS
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ATC CLASSIFICATION
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AWARE
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CARIBBEAN
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COVID-19
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DDD
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DDD PER 1000 INHABITANTS PER DAY
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PANDEMIC
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
dc.subject.classification
Farmacología y Farmacia
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dc.subject.classification
Medicina Básica
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD
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dc.title
Antimicrobial Consumption from 2017 to 2021 in East Trinidad and Tobago: A Study in the English-Speaking Caribbean
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2024-01-09T10:12:18Z
dc.journal.volume
12
dc.journal.number
3
dc.journal.pagination
1-12
dc.journal.pais
Suiza
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dc.journal.ciudad
Basel
dc.description.fil
Fil: Nagassar, Rajeev P.. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Jalim, Narin. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Mitchell, Arianne. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Harrinanan, Ashley. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Mohammed, Anisa. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Dookeeram, Darren K.. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Marin, Danini. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Giangreco, Lucia. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Lichtenberger, Paola. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Marin, Gustavo Horacio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
dc.journal.title
Antibiotics
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030466
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