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dc.contributor.author
Krakovka, Sascha  
dc.contributor.author
Ranjbarian, Farahnaz  
dc.contributor.author
Luján, Lucas Agustín  
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Saura, Alicia  
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Larsen, Nicolai B.  
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Jiménez González, Alejandro  
dc.contributor.author
Reggenti, Anna  
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Lujan, Hugo Daniel  
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Svärd, Staffan G.  
dc.contributor.author
Hofer, Anders  
dc.date.available
2024-01-04T15:15:29Z  
dc.date.issued
2022-06  
dc.identifier.citation
Krakovka, Sascha; Ranjbarian, Farahnaz; Luján, Lucas Agustín; Saura, Alicia; Larsen, Nicolai B.; et al.; Giardia intestinalis thymidine kinase is a high-affinity enzyme crucial for DNA synthesis and an exploitable target for drug discovery; American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Journal of Biological Chemistry (online); 298; 6; 6-2022; 1-16  
dc.identifier.issn
0021-9258  
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/222423  
dc.description.abstract
Giardiasis is a diarrheal disease caused by the unicellular parasite Giardia intestinalis, for which metronidazole is the main treatment option. The parasite is dependent on exogenous deoxyribonucleosides for DNA replication and thus is also potentially vulnerable to deoxyribonucleoside analogs. Here, we characterized the G. intestinalis thymidine kinase, a divergent member of the thymidine kinase 1 family that consists of two weakly homologous parts within one polypeptide. We found that the recombinantly expressed enzyme is monomeric, with 100-fold higher catalytic efficiency for thymidine compared to its second-best substrate, deoxyuridine, and is furthermore subject to feedback inhibition by dTTP. This efficient substrate discrimination is in line with the lack of thymidylate synthase and dUTPase in the parasite, which makes deoxy-UMP a dead-end product that is potentially harmful if converted to deoxy-UTP. We also found that the antiretroviral drug azidothymidine (AZT) was an equally good substrate as thymidine and was active against WT as well as metronidazole-resistant G. intestinalis trophozoites. This drug inhibited DNA synthesis in the parasite and efficiently decreased cyst production in vitro, which suggests that it could reduce infectivity. AZT also showed a good effect in G. intestinalis?infected gerbils, reducing both the number of trophozoites in the small intestine and the number of viable cysts in the stool. Taken together, these results suggest that the absolute dependency of the parasite on thymidine kinase for its DNA synthesis can be exploited by AZT, which has promise as a future medication effective against metronidazole-refractory giardiasis.  
dc.format
application/pdf  
dc.language.iso
eng  
dc.publisher
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology  
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess  
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/  
dc.subject
AZIDOTHYMIDINE  
dc.subject
DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE KINASE  
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DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE SALVAGE  
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DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE KINASE  
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DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE SALVAGE  
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GIARDIA DUODENUM  
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GIARDIA INTESTINALIS  
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GIARDIA LAMBLIA  
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THYMIDINE KINASE  
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ZIDOVUDINE  
dc.subject.classification
Parasitología  
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Ciencias de la Salud  
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CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD  
dc.title
Giardia intestinalis thymidine kinase is a high-affinity enzyme crucial for DNA synthesis and an exploitable target for drug discovery  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article  
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion  
dc.date.updated
2024-01-04T10:49:22Z  
dc.journal.volume
298  
dc.journal.number
6  
dc.journal.pagination
1-16  
dc.journal.pais
Estados Unidos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Krakovka, Sascha. Uppsala Universitet; Suecia  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Ranjbarian, Farahnaz. Universidad de Umea; Suecia  
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Fil: Luján, Lucas Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Saura, Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina  
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Fil: Larsen, Nicolai B.. No especifíca;  
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Fil: Jiménez González, Alejandro. Uppsala Universitet; Suecia  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Reggenti, Anna. Universidad de Umea; Suecia  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Lujan, Hugo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Svärd, Staffan G.. Uppsala Universitet; Suecia  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Hofer, Anders. Universidad de Umea; Suecia  
dc.journal.title
Journal of Biological Chemistry (online)  
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102028