Las concepciones generales monistas, integradoras y dualistas en el tratamiento de tensiones sociológicas
; Giordano, Pedro Martín 
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Fecha
10/2023
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Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Antropología
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Mad
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0718-0527
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Proponemos una herramienta analítica denominada "concepción general" para referir a cómo distintos programas teóricos tratan algunas discusiones de la sociología, que se pueden ordenar bajo la forma de tensiones entre dos polos. Identificamos tres posibles concepciones: el monismo, que acentúa uno de los polos; la integración, que los vincula y sintetiza; y el dualismo, que remarca su diferencia. Ilustramos al monismo con la obra de Alain Touraine; la integración con la propuesta por Pierre Bourdieu; y el dualismo con Niklas Luhmann. Para realizar la tarea, cada programa es analizado en torno a tres tensiones: el recorte del ámbito objetual de la disciplina (individuo/sociedad), supuestos epistemológicos (conocimiento/realidad), y el sentido de la sociología (descripción/crítica). Además, para ampliar esta caracterización reseñamos brevemente algunas propuestas de Francois Dubet, Danilo Martucelli, Anthony Giddens, George Ritzer y Margaret Archer. Por último, argumentamos que la concepción general puede ser una herramienta útil para hipotetizar un rasgo identitario de los programas, establecer vínculos con otros, y examinar su coherencia interna y señalar posibles nuevas preguntas teóricas.
In this paper we propose an analytical tool called "general conception" to refer to how different theoretical programs treat some discussions of sociology that could be understood as tensions between two poles. We identify three possible conceptions: monism, which accentuates one of the poles; integration, which links and synthesizes them; and dualism, which highlights their difference. We illustrate monism with the work of Alain Touraine; the integration with Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology; and dualism with Niklas Luhmann. To achieve this, each program is analyzed under three tensions: the definition of the scope of the discipline (individual/society), epistemological assumptions (knowledge/reality), and the meaning of sociology (description/criticism). In addition, to broaden this characterization, we briefly review some proposals by Francois Dubet, Danilo Martucelli, Anthony Giddens, George Ritzer and Margaret Archer. Finally, we argue that the general conception can be a useful tool to hypothesize an identity feature of the programs, establish links with others, and to examine their internal coherence to point out possible new theoretical questions.
In this paper we propose an analytical tool called "general conception" to refer to how different theoretical programs treat some discussions of sociology that could be understood as tensions between two poles. We identify three possible conceptions: monism, which accentuates one of the poles; integration, which links and synthesizes them; and dualism, which highlights their difference. We illustrate monism with the work of Alain Touraine; the integration with Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology; and dualism with Niklas Luhmann. To achieve this, each program is analyzed under three tensions: the definition of the scope of the discipline (individual/society), epistemological assumptions (knowledge/reality), and the meaning of sociology (description/criticism). In addition, to broaden this characterization, we briefly review some proposals by Francois Dubet, Danilo Martucelli, Anthony Giddens, George Ritzer and Margaret Archer. Finally, we argue that the general conception can be a useful tool to hypothesize an identity feature of the programs, establish links with others, and to examine their internal coherence to point out possible new theoretical questions.
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