Senescence modulation as a key process in the dual role of hyaluronan in cancer: the deforestation allegory

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and has been associated with ageing. Although there are numerous reports that have demonstrated the dual role of hyaluronic acid and senescence induction in cancer prevention and promotion, both players have been linked to ageing in opposite ways. Hyaluronan is recognized for its antiaging role, whereas senescence is associated with ageing. In this review we address these dual roles, showing their interrelation, hypothesizing that the downregulation of senescence mediated by HA would be a key factor in the ambivalent effects described. Likewise, the deforestation allegory aims to explain, through the use of a metaphor, the contradictory yet valid results found in the literature. Considering this background, we propose new strategies for improving tumor therapy. Understanding the biology of these complex diseases and the temporal implication of the different players in dissimilar contexts could bring us closer to the therapeutic improvements needed in the field of oncology.