Actividades culturales e identidad nacional entre los alemanes antinazis de Buenos Aires

Abstract

El trabajo centra su atención en las acciones culturales desplegadas por la agrupación Das Andere Deutscheland (DAD), y señala que independientemente de su contenido político, diversidad temática y calidad artística o literaria, el conjunto de aquellas manifestaciones desarrollados en torno a DAD conformaron un territorio de socialización común a los exiliados del régimen nazi y a los germano parlantes que residían previamente en la Argentina (incluyendo a muchos adherentes y simpatizantes del régimen nacionalsocialista), que contribuyó a la conformación de una identidad a la vez antinazi y alemana.

Das Andere Deutschland (DAD) was established in Buenos Aires by mid- 1937. Its members were German political exiles and Austrian opposers to National Socialism, all belonging to a wide range of left wing organizations, and German-speaking Argentine residents of diverse political, social and religious tendencies. DAD members appealed to the conscience and responsibility of “good willing Germans” to defend the culture and values of the “true” Germany. They organized and directed a wide range of activities, most importantly directed towards pro­viding economic help and work both to Nazi Germany refugees and to German Argentine residents which had been sacked from diverse community associa­tions aligned with the Third Reich. They became noticeable through their intense denounce of the atrocities committed by Nazism in Europe, and of the actions of diverse Nazi groups in Argentina. In addition to political and solidary activities, within DAD cultural action was also of great importance. This paper focuses on the cultural activities deployed by this group and points out that, their political content, thematic diversity and artistic quality aside, cultural manifestations developed around DAD as a whole gave shape to a social common ground to Nazi regime exiles and German speakers who had previously resided in Argen­tina, and thus contributed to the formation of an identity that was both anti-Nazi and German.