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dc.contributor.author
Alomia Hinojosa, Victoria  
dc.contributor.author
Groot, Jeroen C. J.  
dc.contributor.author
Speelman, Erika N.  
dc.contributor.author
Bettinelli, Carlo  
dc.contributor.author
McDonald, Andrew J.  
dc.contributor.author
Alvarez, Stephanie  
dc.contributor.author
Tittonell, Pablo  
dc.date.available
2023-08-16T10:17:38Z  
dc.date.issued
2020-03  
dc.identifier.citation
Alomia Hinojosa, Victoria; Groot, Jeroen C. J.; Speelman, Erika N.; Bettinelli, Carlo; McDonald, Andrew J.; et al.; Operationalizing the concept of robustness of nitrogen networks in mixed smallholder systems: A pilot study in the mid-hills and lowlands of Nepal; Elsevier Science; Ecological Indicators; 110; 3-2020; 1-42  
dc.identifier.issn
1470-160X  
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/208436  
dc.description.abstract
Nitrogen (N) is often the most limiting nutrient to productivity in smallholder mixed crop-livestock systems such as commonly found in the mid-hills and lowland (Terai) of Nepal. Identifying current bottlenecks constraining agroecosystem functioning in terms of N flows and associated improvement options in these systems is paramount. Here, we explore variations in robustness, a concept from ecological network analysis (ENA) which represents the balance of system's degree of order between organization (order/constraint) and adaptive flexibility (freedom/resilience) of N flows. Robustness can provide a detailed assessment of N flows and assist in evaluation of measures to reduce nutrient losses. In this study, the FarmDESIGN model was employed to quantify nitrogen flows, generate ENA indicators of integration, diversity and robustness, and to explore the impact of crop intensification options on N networks across farm types in the mid-hills and lowland (Terai) of Nepal. Results revealed that the farms in the different agroecosystems recycled only a small portion of the total N inputs (<15%), and had therefore high rates of N losses (63–1135 kg N per ha per year) and high dependency on N imports in the form of fodder (feed self-reliance 11–43%). The farm N networks were organised (high productivity) but inflexible (poorly resilient) and consequently unbalanced (low robustness). Scenarios of improved management (improved seed, intercropping, use of fertilizers, better timing of activities) resulted in improved crop production, leading to reduced fodder imports and less N losses. Consequently, the N networks increased in flexibility which resulted in greater robustness of the N flow network in the farm systems. Increasing on-farm biomass production by improved farm management could be an important element on the way to sustainably intensify smallholder farms, especially when dependency on external resources can be reduced. We conclude that a detailed analysis of nutrient flows and their robustness is a suitable instrument for targeted improvement of nutrient use in smallholder crop-livestock systems.  
dc.format
application/pdf  
dc.language.iso
eng  
dc.publisher
Elsevier Science  
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess  
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/  
dc.subject
NETWORK ANALYSIS  
dc.subject
NITROGEN CYCLING  
dc.subject
SMALLHOLDER-FARMS  
dc.subject
SUSTAINABILITY  
dc.subject
WHOLE-FARM MODEL  
dc.subject.classification
Otras Ciencias Agrícolas  
dc.subject.classification
Otras Ciencias Agrícolas  
dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS  
dc.title
Operationalizing the concept of robustness of nitrogen networks in mixed smallholder systems: A pilot study in the mid-hills and lowlands of Nepal  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article  
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion  
dc.date.updated
2023-08-15T23:10:14Z  
dc.journal.volume
110  
dc.journal.pagination
1-42  
dc.journal.pais
Países Bajos  
dc.journal.ciudad
Amsterdam  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Alomia Hinojosa, Victoria. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Groot, Jeroen C. J.. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Speelman, Erika N.. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Bettinelli, Carlo. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: McDonald, Andrew J.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Alvarez, Stephanie. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Tittonell, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina  
dc.journal.title
Ecological Indicators  
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105883